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Arab Kingdom of Syria
The Arab Kingdom of Syria ((アラビア語:المملكة العربية السورية), ') was the first modern Arab state to come into existence but only lasted a little over four months (8 March–24 July 1920). During its brief existence, the kingdom was led by Sharif Hussein bin Ali's son Faisal bin Hussein. Despite its claims to territory of a Greater Syria, Faisal's government controlled a limited area and was dependent on Britain which, along with France, generally opposed the idea of a Greater Syria and refused to recognize Faisal as its king.〔Itamar Rabinovich, ''Symposium: The Greater-Syria Plan and the Palestine Problem in The Jerusalem Cathedra'' (1982), p. 262.〕 The kingdom surrendered to French forces on 24 July 1920.
== Foundations ==
The Arab Revolt and the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence are crucial factors in the foundations of the Arab Kingdom of Syria. In the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence the promises of an Arab Kingdom were made by the British in return for an Arab uprising against the Ottomans.〔Zeine N. Zeine. ''Struggle for Arab Independence: Western Diplomacy and the Rise and Fall of Faisal's Kingdom in Syria''. Caravan Books. Delmar, New York. 1977.〕 As the promises of independence were being made by the British, separate agreements were being made including the Sykes–Picot Agreement with the French. Ultimately, the implementation of the Sykes–Picot Agreement would lead to the undermining and destruction of the Arab Kingdom of Syria. Despite the significance of the Arab Revolt to modern Arab countries formed in its wake, at the time there was significant distrust and even opposition to the idea of an Arab Kingdom or series of Arab Kingdoms.
This is due in part to the heavy influence of the French and the British in compelling the revolt and establishment of what is considered to be by modern standards puppet states.〔Efraim Karsh and Inari Karsh. ''Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East 1789–1923''. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1999.〕 Critics claim that this involvement of foreign powers in handing out large sums of money and military support to establish an empire that would be led by imperial aspirants, rather than legitimate Arab nationalists, is the primary cause for the lack of duration of the majority of the early Hashemite Kingdoms (Kingdom of Hejaz and Kingdom of Iraq). Critics go on further to claim it was anathema to many Arabs that the family of the Sharif of Mecca, the Hashemites, could wrest control from the Ottoman Sultan, with whom their loyalty had rested for centuries.〔
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